The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) declares tax rate schedules, tax tables, and cost-of-living adjustments for certain tax items and provisions each year.
Additionally, federal law provides for inflation adjustments to many important categories used in personal, business, and financial planning — including tax brackets, deductions, exemptions, retirement plan contributions, Social Security benefits, and Medicare premiums.
This document provides the current information on 2025 tax-related amounts and provides direct web access to IRS references, resources, and other financial information.
NOTE: Bookmark this URL to your web favorites for easy access anytime. This digital resource guide is easily viewable on any mobile device.
This information is current as of December 19, 2024. Please refer to www.IRS.gov for the most up-to-date information, as changes could occur after this date.
2025 Federal Individual Income Tax Rates
If filing status is Single
| taxable income is |
Tax is |
plus |
of the amount over |
|
| over | but not over | |||
| $0.00 | $11,925.00 | $0.00 | 10% | $0.00 |
| 11,925.00 | 48,475.00 | 1,192.50 | 12% | 11,925.00 |
| 48,475.00 | 103,350.00 | 5,578.50 | 22% | 48,475.00 |
| 103,350.00 | 197,300.00 | 17,651.00 | 24% | 103,350.00 |
| 197,300.00 | 250,525.00 | 40,199.00 | 32% | 197,300.00 |
| 250,525.00 | $626,350.00 | 57,231.00 | 35% | 250,525.00 |
| $626,350.00 | ...... | $188,769.75 | 37% | $626,350.00 |
If filing status is Married Filing Jointly or Surviving Spouse
| taxable income is |
Tax is |
plus |
of the amount over |
|
| over | but not over | |||
| $0.00 | $23,850.00 | $0.00 | 10% | $0.00 |
| 23,850.00 | 96,950.00 | 2,385.00 | 12% | 23,850.00 |
| 96,950.00 | 206,700.00 | 11,157.00 | 22% | 96,950.00 |
| 206,700.00 | 394,600.00 | 35,302.00 | 24% | 206,700.00 |
| 394,600.00 | 501,050.00 | 80,398.00 | 32% | 394,600.00 |
| 501,050.00 | $751,600.00 | 114,462.00 | 35% | 501,050.00 |
| $751,600.00 | ...... | $202,154.50 | 37% | $751,600.00 |
If filing status is Married Filing Separately
| taxable income is |
Tax is |
plus |
of the amount over |
|
| over | but not over | |||
| $0.00 | $11,925.00 | $0.00 | 10% | $0.00 |
| 11,925.00 | 48,475.00 | 1,192.50 | 12% | 11,925.00 |
| 48,475.00 | 103,350.00 | 5,578.50 | 22% | 48,475.00 |
| 103,350.00 | 197,300.00 | 17,651.00 | 24% | 103,350.00 |
| 197,300.00 | 250,525.00 | 40,199.00 | 32% | 197,300.00 |
| 250,525.00 | $375,800.00 | 57,231.00 | 35% | 250,525.00 |
| $375,800.00 | ...... | $101,077.25 | 37% | $375,800.00 |
If filing status is Head of Household
| taxable income is |
Tax is |
plus |
of the amount over |
|
| over | but not over | |||
| $0.0 | $17,000.00 | $0.00 | 10% | $0.00 |
| 17,000.00 | 64,850.00 | 1,700.00 | 12% | 17,000.00 |
| 64,850.00 | 103,350.00 | 7,442.00 | 22% | 64,850.00 |
| 103,350.00 | 197,300.00 | 15,912.00 | 24% | 103,350.00 |
| 197,300.00 | 250,500.00 | 38,460.00 | 32% | 197,300.00 |
| 250,500.00 | $626,350.00 | 55,484.00 | 35% | 250,500.00 |
| $626,350.00 | ...... | $187,031.50 | 37% | $626,350.00 |
If filing for Estates and Trusts
| taxable income is |
Tax is |
plus |
of the amount over |
|
| over | but not over | |||
| $0.00 | $3,150.00 | $0.00 | 10% | $0.00 |
| 3,150.00 | 11,450.00 | 315.00 | 24% | 3,150.00 |
| 11,450.00 | $15,650.00 | 2,307.00 | 35% | 11,450.00 |
| $15,650.00 | ...... | $3,777.00 | 37% | $15,650.00 |
2024 Federal Individual Income Tax Rates
If filing status is Single
| taxable income is |
Tax is |
plus |
of the amount over |
|
| over | but not over | |||
| $0.00 | $11,600.00 | $0.00 | 10% | $0.00 |
| 11,600.00 | 47,150.00 | 1,160.00 | 12% | 11,600.00 |
| 47,150.00 | 100,525.00 | 5,426.00 | 22% | 47,150.00 |
| 100,525.00 | 191,950.00 | 17,168.50 | 24% | 100,525.00 |
| 191,950.00 | 243,725.00 | 39,110.50 | 32% | 191,950.00 |
| 243,725.00 | $609,350.00 | 55,678.50 | 35% | 243,725.00 |
| $609,350.00 | ...... | $183,647.25 | 37% | $609,350.00 |
If filing status is Married Filing Jointly or Surviving Spouse
| taxable income is |
Tax is |
plus |
of the amount over |
|
| over | but not over | |||
| $0.00 | $23,200.00 | $0.00 | 10% | $0.00 |
| 23,200.00 | 94,300.00 | 2,320.00 | 12% | 23,200.00 |
| 94,300.00 | 201,050.00 | 10,852.00 | 22% | 94,300.00 |
| 201,050.00 | 383,900.00 | 34,337.00 | 24% | 201,050.00 |
| 383,900.00 | 487,450.00 | 78,221.00 | 32% | 383,900.00 |
| 487,450.00 | $731,200.00 | 111,357.00 | 35% | 487,450.00 |
| $731,200.00 | ...... | $196,669.50 | 37% | $731,200.00 |
If filing status is Married Filing Separately
| taxable income is |
Tax is |
plus |
of the amount over |
|
| over | but not over | |||
| $0.00 | $11,600.00 | $0.00 | 10% | $0.00 |
| 11,600.00 | 47,150.00 | 1,160.00 | 12% | 11,600.00 |
| 47,150.00 | 100,525.00 | 5,426.00 | 22% | 47,150.00 |
| 100,525.00 | 191,950.00 | 17,168.50 | 24% | 100,525.00 |
| 191,950.00 | 243,725.00 | 39,110.50 | 32% | 191,950.00 |
| 243,725.00 | $365,600.00 | 55,678.50 | 35% | 243,725.00 |
| $365,600.00 | ...... | $98,334.75 | 37% | $365,600.00 |
If filing status is Head of Household
| taxable income is |
Tax is |
plus |
of the amount over |
|
| over | but not over | |||
| $0.00 | $16,550.00 | $0.00 | 10% | $0.00 |
| 16,550.00 | 63,100.00 | 1,655.00 | 12% | 16,550.00 |
| 63,100.00 | 100,500.00 | 7,241.00 | 22% | 63,100.00 |
| 100,500.00 | 191,950.00 | 15,469.00 | 24% | 100,500.00 |
| 191,950.00 | 243,700.00 | 37,417.00 | 32% | 191,950.00 |
| 243,700.00 | $609,350.00 | 53,977.00 | 35% | 243,700.00 |
| $609,350.00 | ...... | $181,954.50 | 37% | $609,350.00 |
If filing for Estates and Trusts
| taxable income is |
Tax is |
plus |
of the amount over |
|
| over | but not over | |||
| $0.00 | $3,100.00 | $0.00 | 10% | $0.00 |
| 3,100.00 | 11,150.00 | 310.00 | 24% | 3,100.00 |
| 11,150.00 | $15,200.00 | 2,242.00 | 35% | 11,150.00 |
| $15,200.00 | ...... | $3,659.50 | 37% | $15,200.00 |
2025 Capital Gains and Dividend Income Brackets
Amounts shown are taxable income, including ordinary income (wages, salaries, interest, etc.) and capital gains and dividends.
| 0% rate | 15% rate | 20% rate | |
| Married Filing Jointly | Up to $96,700 | $96,701 to $600,050 | Over $600,050 |
| Married Filing Separately | Up to $48,350 | $48,351 to $300,000 | Over $300,000 |
| Single | Up to $48,350 | $48,351 to $533,400 | Over $533,400 |
| Head of Household | Up to $64,750 | $64,751 to $566,700 | Over $566,700 |
| Estates and Trusts | Up to $3,250 | $3,251 to $15,900 | Over $15,900 |
2024 Capital Gains and Dividend Income Brackets
Amounts shown are taxable income, including ordinary income (wages, salaries, interest, etc.) and capital gains and dividends.
| 0% rate | 15% rate | 20% rate | |
| Married Filing Jointly | Up to $94,050 | $94,051 to $583,750 | Over $583,750 |
| Married Filing Separately | Up to $47,025 | $47,026 to $291,850 | Over $291,850 |
| Single | Up to $47,025 | $47,026 to $518,900 | Over $518,900 |
| Head of Household | Up to $63,000 | $63,001 to $551,350 | Over $551,350 |
| Estates and Trusts | Up to $3,150 | $3,151 to $15,450 | Over $15,450 |
3.8% Net Investment Income Tax
Imposed on the lesser of net investment income or modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) that exceeds the threshold amount shown:
| Married Filing Jointly | $250,000 |
|---|---|
| Single, Head of Household | $200,000 |
| Married Filing Separately | $125,000 |
| Estates and Trusts | 2025 – $15,650 2024 – $15,200 |
Child Tax Credit
$2,000 (2024 and 2025) per child under the age of 17 at end of year, reduced by $50 for every $1,000 of adjusted gross income (AGI) above phase-out:
| 2025 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Credit for Children | $2,000 | $2,000 |
| Credit for Other Family Members | $500 | $500 |
| Phase-out — Married Filing Jointly | Over $400,000 | Over $400,000 |
| Phase-out — Single, Head of Household, Married Filing Separately | Over $200,000 | Over $200,000 |
Note: The Child Tax Credit is a partially refundable credit. This means that even if the taxpayer has no tax liability, as much as $1,700 in 2025 ($1,700 in 2024) of the credit per child can be refunded to the taxpayer.
Adoption Credit
| 2025 | Maximum $17,280 Phase-out range of $259,190 to $299,190 |
|---|---|
| 2024 | Maximum $16,810 Phase-out range of $252,150 – $292,150 |
Standard Mileage Rates
Cents per mile
| 2025 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Business use (per mile) | $0.700 | $0.670 |
| Charitable miles (per mile)1 | $0.140 | $0.140 |
| Medical care (per mile) | $0.210 | $0.210 |
- 1 Not adjusted for inflation.
Standard Deductions and Personal and Dependency Exemptions
| 2025 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Standard deduction for single individuals | $15,000 | $14,600 |
| Standard deduction for joint returns or surviving spouses | $30,000 | $29,200 |
| Standard deduction for heads of households | $22,500 | $21,900 |
| Standard deduction for married individuals filing separate returns | $15,000 | $14,600 |
| Additional standard deduction for married taxpayers age 65 or older or blind2 | $1,600 | $1,550 |
| Additional standard deduction for single taxpayers age 65 or older or blind2 | $2,000 | $1,950 |
| Personal and dependency exemptions | Suspended through the year 2025 | |
| Phase-out of itemized deductions and personal exemptions begins at: | Suspended through the year 2025 | |
- 2 Taxpayers who are both age 65 and blind may claim twice the amount indicated as their additional standard deduction.
Alternative Minimum Tax
Individuals: The alternative minimum tax (AMT) is a tax designed to reduce the favorable tax treatment provided by certain income exclusions and deductions or when income is taxable. Individual taxpayers pay the greater of (1) the AMT or (2) the regular income tax.
Effective in 2018 and later years, the AMT has been repealed for C Corporations.
Exception: A new corporate AMT is effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022 and generally applies to corporations with average annual financial statement income exceeding $1 billion.
| Individual AMT Rates | 2025 | 2024 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26% rate up to | J, S, H, ET: $ MFS: $ |
239,100 119,550 |
J, S, H, ET: $ MFS: $ |
232,600 116,300 |
| 28% rate over | J, S, H, ET: $ MFS: $ |
239,100 119,550 |
J, S, H, ET: $ MFS: $ |
232,600 116,300 |
| Exemption Amounts | J: $ S, H: $ MFS: $ ET: $ |
137,000 88,100 68,500 30,700 |
J: $ S, H: $ MFS: $ ET: $ |
133,300 85,700 66,650 29,900 |
| Phase-out range for AMT exemption amount | J: $ S, H: $ MFS: $ ET: $ |
1,252,700 to $1,800,700 626,350 to $978,750 626,350 to $900,350 102,500 to $225,300 |
J: $ S, H: $ MFS: $ ET: $ |
1,218,700 to $1,751,900 609,350 to $952,150 609,350 to $875,950 99,700 to $219,300 |
| Kiddie tax exemption amount (child’s earned income plus) | $9,550 | $9,250 | ||
S = Single
ET = Estates and Trusts
Kiddie Tax
| 2025 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| No tax on first | $1,350 | $1,300 |
| Taxed at child’s tax rate on next | $1,350 | $1,300 |
| Above $2,700 for 2025 or $2,600 for 2024 | Parents’ tax rate | Parents’ tax rate |
Unearned income of children under 19 (and dependent full-time students up to the age 24) is taxable at parents’ tax rate if higher than child’s.
Tax Benefits for Education
| Tax Benefit | Basic Rule | 2025 AGI/MAGI Phase-out Range |
2024 AGI/MAGI Phase-out Range |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Savings bond income exclusion | Must be used to pay qualified higher education expenses | J: | $149,250 – $179,250 |
J: | $145,200 – $175,200 |
| O: | $99,500 – $114,500 |
O: | $96,800 – $111,800 |
||
| Student loan interest deduction | Deductible up to $2,500 | J: | $170,000 – $200,000 |
J: | $165,000 – $195,000 |
| O: | $85,000 – $100,000 |
O: | $80,000 – $95,000 |
||
| American Opportunity Tax Credit (per qualifying student) | 100% of first $2,000 of qualifying expenses plus 25% of next $2,000. Up to $1,000 may be refundable. | J**: | $160,000 – $180,000 |
J**: | $160,000 – $180,000 |
| O**: | $80,000 – $90,000 |
O**: | $80,000 – $90,000 |
||
| Lifetime Learning Credit (per taxpayer regardless of the number of students) | 20% of first $10,000 of qualifying expenses | J**: | $160,000 – $180,000 |
J**: | $160,000 – $180,000 |
| O**: | $80,000 – $90,000 |
O**: | $80,000 – $90,000 |
||
O = All others
AGI used may be subject to modifications.
- ** Not subject to inflation adjustment.
Corporate Income Tax Rate
The corporate income tax rate is a flat 21% for all corporations. There is no special rate for personal service corporations.
Deduction for Pass-Through Entities
Deduction equal to the lesser of 20% of domestic qualified business income from a pass-through entity or 20% of taxable ordinary income.
Additional limitations apply if taxable income exceeds:
| Filing Status | 2025 Limit | 2024 Limit |
|---|---|---|
| S, H, ET | $197,300 | $191,950 |
| MFS | $197,300 | $191,950 |
| J | $394,600 | $383,900 |
The deduction is phased out for pass-throughs engaged in specialized service trades or businesses based on taxable income.
| 2025 Limit | 2024 Limit | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Filing Status | Phase-out begins | Deduction eliminated above | Phase-out begins | Deduction eliminated above |
| S, H, ET | $197,300 | $247,300 | $191,950 | $241,950 |
| MFS | $197,300 | $247,300 | $191,950 | $241,950 |
| J | $394,600 | $494,600 | $383,900 | $483,900 |
S = Single
ET = Estates and Trusts
Qualified Long Term Care Insurance Premiums
Qualified long term care insurance premiums qualify as medical expense itemized deductions, subject to limitations based on the insured’s age.
| Attained Age | 2025 Limit | 2024 Limit |
|---|---|---|
| 40 or less | $480 | $470 |
| More than 40 through 50 | $900 | $880 |
| More than 50 through 60 | $1,800 | $1,760 |
| More than 60 through 70 | $4,810 | $4,710 |
| Older than 70 | $6,020 | $5,880 |
Health Savings Accounts
| 2025 | 2024 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual | Family | Individual | Family | |
| Minimum deductible | $1,650 | $3,300 | $1,600 | $3,200 |
| Maximum out-of-pocket limit | $8,300 | $16,600 | $8,050 | $16,100 |
| Maximum HSA contribution | $4,300 | $8,550 | $4,150 | $8,300 |
| Additional contribution for individuals age 55 or older** | $1,000 | $2,0003 | $1,000 | $2,0003 |
- 3 If both spouses are in age range.
- ** Not subject to inflation adjustment.
Federal Gift and Estate Tax Amounts
| 2025 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Annual gift tax exclusion per recipient | $19,000 | $18,000 |
| Nonresident alien** | $60,000 | $60,000 |
| Noncitizen spouse annual gift tax exclusion | $190,000 | $185,000 |
| Section 6166 election: Estate tax attributed to qualifying business interest qualifying for 2% interest rate | $1,900,000 | $1,850,000 |
| Special use valuation: Maximum decrease in value of qualified property | $1,420,000 | $1,390,000 |
| Gift, estate, and generation-skipping tax (GST) exemption amount | $13,990,000 | $13,610,000 |
| Gift and estate tax credit | $5,541,800 | $5,389,800 |
- ** Not subject to inflation adjustment.
Federal Gift, Estate Tax, and GST Rates
| If Taxable Gift or Estate is | Tentative Tax | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| over | but not over | Tax is | plus | of the amount over |
| $0 | $10,000 | $0 | 18% | $0 |
| 10,000 | 20,000 | 1,800 | 20% | 10,000 |
| 20,000 | 40,000 | 3,800 | 22% | 20,000 |
| 40,000 | 60,000 | 8,200 | 24% | 40,000 |
| 60,000 | 80,000 | 13,000 | 26% | 60,000 |
| 80,000 | 100,000 | 18,200 | 28% | 80,000 |
| 100,000 | 150,000 | 23,800 | 30% | 100,000 |
| 150,000 | 250,000 | 38,800 | 32% | 150,000 |
| 250,000 | 500,000 | 70,800 | 34% | 250,000 |
| 500,000 | 750,000 | 155,800 | 37% | 500,000 |
| 750,000 | $1,000,000 | 248,300 | 39% | 750,000 |
| $1,000,000 | - | $345,800 | 40% | $1,000,000 |
Qualified Plan Benefit, Contribution, and Compensation Limits
| Type of Limit | 2025 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Defined benefit plan maximum annual benefit | $280,000 | $275,000 |
| Maximum annual addition to defined contribution plans4 | $70,000 | $69,000 |
| Covered compensation limit | $350,000 | $345,000 |
| Minimum compensation amount for SEP plan participation | $750 | $750 |
| Compensation level for highly compensated employees (HCEs other than 5% owners) | $160,000 | $155,000 |
| Compensation level for key employees other than 5% owners | $230,000 (Officers) $150,000** (1% Owner) | $220,000 (Officers) $150,000** (1% Owner) |
- 4 In addition, the maximum annual addition cannot exceed 100% of an employee’s compensation for the year. An employee’s elective deferrals are included in computing the contribution limit and are included in compensation.
- ** Not subject to inflation adjustment.
IRA and Employee Contribution Limits
| 2025 | 2025 Regular Catch-Up Limit - Age 50 & Over | 2024 | 2024 Regular Catch-Up Limit - Age 50 & Over | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional and Roth IRAs | $7,000 | $1,000 | $7,000 | $1,000 |
| 401(k), 403(b), 457(b) plans5 | $23,500 | $7,500 | $23,000 | $7,500 |
| Special catch-up for 401(k), 403(b), and 457(b) participants ages 60, 61, 62, or 63 | $11,250 | NA | ||
| SIMPLE IRA6 | $16,500 | $3,500 | $16,000 | $3,500 |
| Special catch-up for SIMPLE IRA and SIMPLE 401(k) participants ages 60, 61, 62, or 63 | $5,250 | NA |
- 5 Also applies to salary reduction SEPs (SARSEPs)
- 6 The employee contribution limit is increased by 10% in certain situations. See IRS.gov for details.
IRA and Roth IRA Phase-out Ranges
| Deduction for active participants in an employer plan: | 2025 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Married Filing Jointly | $126,000 – $146,000 | $123,000 – $143,000 |
| Single or Head of Household | $79,000 – $89,000 | $77,000 – $87,000 |
| Married Filing Separately | $0 – $10,000 | $0 – $10,000 |
| Individual is Not an Active Participant but Spouse is | $236,000 – $246,000 | $230,000 – $240,000 |
| Roth IRA contribution income limits: | 2025 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Married Filing Jointly | $236,000 – $246,000 | $230,000 – $240,000 |
| Single or Head of Household | $150,000 – $165,000 | $146,000 – $161,000 |
| Married Filing Separately | $0 – $10,0007 | $0 – $10,0007 |
| Qualified Charitable Distributions: | 2025 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Amount not included in income | $108,000 | $105,000 |
| Allowable one-time contribution to Charitable Remainder Trust or Charitable Gift Annuity | $54,000 | $53,000 |
- 7 Phase-out range is not subject to an annual cost-of-living adjustment.
Comparing Traditional and Roth IRAs
| Topic | Traditional IRA | Roth IRA |
|---|---|---|
| Income limit | Deductible contributions: Limits apply if individual or spouse is an active participant in an employer plan (see above)
Non-deductible contributions: None |
Yes (see phase-out table above) |
| Deductibility of contributions | Non-participants in an employer plan may deduct the full amount of the allowable contribution. Deduction for participants in a qualified plan (or spouse of a participant) may be limited (see above). | Not deductible |
| Taxation of distributions | Taxable unless non-deductible contributions were made. Non-deductible contributions are allocated prorated to each distribution until fully recovered. If under 59½, 10% early withdrawal penalty tax applies unless the distribution qualifies for one of the following exceptions:
|
Contributions distributed tax free first. Distributed earnings are tax-free if account is held 5 years and distribution is made:
|
Social Security
| Maximum compensation subject to FICA taxes | 2025 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Social Security (Old Age, Survivor, Disability Insurance) | $176,100 | $168,600 |
| Medicare (Health Insurance) | Unlimited | Unlimited |
| Earnings required for one credit (maximum 4 credits per year) | $1,810 | $1,730 |
| Earnings Test | 2025 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Years before Full Retirement Age (FRA) is reached | $23,400 ($1,950/ month) | $22,320 ($1,860/month) |
| Year FRA is reached | $62,160 ($5,180/ month) | $59,520 ($4,960/month) |
| Maximum monthly benefit at FRA | $4,018 | $3,822 |
| Cost of living adjustment | 2.50% | 3.20% |
| Disability income thresholds (monthly) | 2025 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Substantial gainful activity if not blind | $1,620 | $1,550 |
| Substantial gainful activity if blind | $2,700 | $2,590 |
| Trial work period | $1,160 | $1,110 |
| SSI Federal monthly payment standard (Individual/Couple) | $967/$1,450 | $943/$1,415 |
| SSI resources limit (Individual/Couple) | $2,000/$3,000 | $2,000/$3,000 |
| SSI student exclusion (Monthly/Annual) | $2,350/$9,460 | $2,290/$9,230 |
Social Security (OASDI) tax rate: Employee and employer: 6.2%; self-employed: 12.4%
Health Insurance (HI tax rate): Employee and employer: 1.45%; self-employed: 2.9%
Employees and self-employed pay an additional 0.9% if earned income exceeds the following: Married Filing Jointly: $250,000; Single $200,000, Married Filing Separately $125,000.
Primary and Spousal Benefits at Age 62
(Benefits based on a $1,000 benefit for worker and $500 for spouse)
| Year of birth8 | Normal (or full) retirement age | Number of reduction months9 | Primary | Spouse | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent reduction10 | Amount | Percent reduction11 | |||
| 1937 or earlier | 65 | 36 | $800 | 20.00% | $375 | 25.00% |
| 1938 | 65 and 2 months | 38 | 791 | 20.83% | 370 | 25.83% |
| 1939 | 65 and 4 months | 40 | 783 | 21.67% | 366 | 26.67% |
| 1940 | 65 and 6 months | 42 | 775 | 22.50% | 362 | 27.50% |
| 1941 | 65 and 8 months | 44 | 766 | 23.33% | 358 | 28.33% |
| 1942 | 65 and 10 months | 46 | 758 | 24.17% | 354 | 29.17% |
| 1943 - 1954 | 66 | 48 | 750 | 25.00% | 350 | 30.00% |
| 1955 | 66 and 2 months | 50 | 741 | 25.83% | 345 | 30.83% |
| 1956 | 66 and 4 months | 52 | 733 | 26.67% | 341 | 31.67% |
| 1957 | 66 and 6 months | 54 | 725 | 27.50% | 337 | 32.50% |
| 1958 | 66 and 8 months | 56 | 716 | 28.33% | 333 | 33.33% |
| 1959 | 66 and 10 months | 58 | 708 | 29.17% | 329 | 34.17% |
| 1960 and later | 67 | 60 | 700 | 30.00% | 325 | 35.00% |
- 8 If you are born on January 1, use the prior year of birth.
- 9 Applies only if you are born on the 2nd of the month; otherwise the number of reduction months is one less than the number shown.
- 10 Reduction applied to primary insurance amount ($1,000 in this example). The percentage reduction is 5/9 of 1% per month for the first 36 months and 5/12 of 1% for each additional month.
- 11 Reduction applied to $500, which is 50% of the primary insurance amount in this example. The percentage reduction is 25/36 of 1% per month for the first 36 months and 5/12 of 1% for each additional month.
| Social Security Full Retirement Age (FRA) | |
|---|---|
| Year of Birth | FRA |
| 1937 or earlier | 65 |
| 1938 | 65, 2 months |
| 1939 | 65, 4 months |
| 1940 | 65, 6 months |
| 1941 | 65, 8 months |
| 1942 | 65, 10 months |
| 1943-1954 | 66 |
| 1955 | 66, 2 months |
| 1956 | 66, 4 months |
| 1957 | 66, 6 months |
| 1958 | 66, 8 months |
| 1959 | 66, 10 months |
| 1960 and later | 67 |
Medicare Information
| 2025 | 2024 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Part A | (Hospital Insurance) monthly premium (if not eligible for reduced or premium-free coverage) | $518 | $505 |
| Hospital inpatient deductible (per benefit period) | $1,676 | $1,632 | |
| Hospital inpatient coinsurance per day (Days 1-60) | $0 | $0 | |
| Hospital inpatient coinsurance per day (Days 61-90) | $419 | $408 | |
| Hospital inpatient coinsurance per lifetime reserve day (After day 91 of each benefit period, up to 60 days over lifetime) | $838 | $816 | |
| Skilled nursing facility coinsurance per day: | |||
| Days 1-20 | $0 | $0 | |
| Days 21-100 | $209.50 | $204.00 | |
| After day 100 | All costs | All costs | |
| Hospice care | $0 | $0 | |
| Hospice prescription drug co-pay (per prescription) | $5 | $5 | |
| Hospice respite care coinsurance | 5% | 5% | |
| Part B | Medical insurance base premium per month | $185.0013 | $174.7013 |
| Income threshold for additional premium (IRMAA adjustment12) | O: $106,000 J: $212,000 |
O: $103,000 J: $206,000 |
|
| Deductible per year | $257 | $240 | |
| Coinsurance | 20% | 20% | |
| Part D | Income threshold for additional premium (IRMAA adjustment12) | O: $106,000 J: $212,000 |
O: $103,000 J: $206,000 |
| Deductible (cannot exceed) | $590 | $545 | |
| Cost threshold for coverage gap (“donut hole”) (combined total spent by enrollee and plan) | $5,030 | ||
| Enrollee’s cost per prescription during coverage gap after plan discounts | 25% brand 25% generic |
||
| Cost threshold for catastrophic coverage (Participant out-of-pocket amount) | $8,000 | ||
| Out-of-pocket limit14 | $2,000 | ||
O = All Other Filers
- 12 Income Related Monthly Adjustment Amounts
- 13 Applies to most enrollees. If AGI exceeds a certain amount, the premium is increased. Premium amounts do not include late enrollment penalty.
- 14 The Medicare Part D coverage gap, often called the donut hole, will be eliminated at the end of 2024. It will be replaced in 2025 by an out-of-pocket limit.
Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) Age Table
| Year Born | RMD Age |
|---|---|
| June 30, 1949 or earlier | 70.5 |
| July 1, 1949 to Dec. 31, 1950 | 72 |
| 1951 - 1959 | 73 |
| 1960 or later | 75 |
Uniform Lifetime Table15
Retired qualified plan participants and IRA owners generally must begin taking distributions by April 1st of the year after the year in which they turn age 72 in 2022 and age 73 starting in year 2023. The annual required minimum distributions (RMDs) are based upon the joint life expectancy of the participant/IRA owner and a hypothetical beneficiary who is 10 years younger. These factors are found in the Uniform Lifetime Table.
If the sole designated beneficiary on the account is a spouse who is more than 10 years younger, their RMDs are based on an IRS joint life expectancy. This table can be found in Appendix B of IRS Publication 590-B and produces a smaller RMD than the Uniform Lifetime Table.
| Age | Distribution Period |
|---|---|
| 50 | 48.5 |
| 51 | 47.5 |
| 52 | 46.5 |
| 53 | 45.6 |
| 54 | 44.6 |
| 55 | 43.6 |
| 56 | 42.6 |
| 57 | 41.6 |
| 58 | 40.7 |
| 59 | 39.7 |
| 60 | 38.7 |
| 61 | 37.7 |
| 62 | 36.8 |
| 63 | 35.8 |
| 64 | 34.9 |
| 65 | 33.9 |
| 66 | 33 |
| 67 | 32 |
| 68 | 31.1 |
| 69 | 30.1 |
| 70 | 29.2 |
| 71 | 28.3 |
| 72 | 27.4 |
| 73 | 26.5 |
| Age | Distribution Period |
|---|---|
| 74 | 25.5 |
| 75 | 24.6 |
| 76 | 23.7 |
| 77 | 22.9 |
| 78 | 22.0 |
| 79 | 21.1 |
| 80 | 20.2 |
| 81 | 19.4 |
| 82 | 18.5 |
| 83 | 17.7 |
| 84 | 16.8 |
| 85 | 16.0 |
| 86 | 15.2 |
| 87 | 14.4 |
| 88 | 13.7 |
| 89 | 12.9 |
| 90 | 12.2 |
| 91 | 11.5 |
| 92 | 10.8 |
| 93 | 10.1 |
| 94 | 9.5 |
| 95 | 8.9 |
| 96 | 8.4 |
| 97 | 7.8 |
| Age | Distribution Period |
|---|---|
| 98 | 7.3 |
| 99 | 6.8 |
| 100 | 6.4 |
| 101 | 6.0 |
| 102 | 5.6 |
| 103 | 5.2 | 104 | 4.9 |
| 105 | 4.6 |
| 106 | 4.3 |
| 107 | 4.1 |
| 108 | 3.9 |
| 109 | 3.7 |
| 110 | 3.5 |
| 111 | 3.4 |
| 112 | 3.3 |
| 113 | 3.1 |
| 114 | 3.0 |
| 115 | 2.9 |
| 116 | 2.8 |
| 117 | 2.7 |
| 118 | 2.5 |
| 119 | 2.3 |
| 120 and over | 2.0 |
For Use By: Unmarried Owners, Married Owners whose spouses are not more than 10 years younger, and Married Owners whose spouses are not the sole beneficiaries of their IRAs. This table is also used by Surviving Spouses to calculate their life expectancy for an account inherited from their spouse that is treated as an inherited account in the spouse's name.
Note – Do not use this table for inherited IRAs and qualified plan accounts that require an annual distribution. The following Single Life Table is used for those accounts.
- 15 This table is effective for 2022 and later years. For the table used to compute RMDs for prior years, see Table III in IRS Publication 590-B.
Single Life Expectancy For Use by Eligible Designated Beneficiaries16
Eligible designated beneficiaries are surviving spouses, a child of the IRA owner or participant who has not attained the age of majority, a beneficiary who is disabled or chronically ill, or a beneficiary who is not more than 10 years younger than the IRA owner or participant.
| Age | Life Expectancy |
|---|---|
| 0 | 84.6 |
| 1 | 83.7 |
| 2 | 82.8 |
| 3 | 81.8 |
| 4 | 80.8 |
| 5 | 79.8 |
| 6 | 78.8 |
| 7 | 77.9 |
| 8 | 76.9 |
| 9 | 75.9 |
| 10 | 74.9 |
| 11 | 73.9 |
| 12 | 72.9 |
| 13 | 71.9 |
| 14 | 70.9 |
| 15 | 69.9 |
| 16 | 69.0 |
| 17 | 68.0 |
| 18 | 67.0 |
| 19 | 66.0 |
| 20 | 65.0 |
| 21 | 64.1 |
| 22 | 63.1 |
| 23 | 62.1 |
| 24 | 61.1 |
| 25 | 60.2 |
| 26 | 59.2 |
| 27 | 58.2 |
| 28 | 57.3 |
| 29 | 56.3 |
| 30 | 55.3 |
| 31 | 54.4 |
| 32 | 53.4 |
| 33 | 52.5 |
| 34 | 51.5 |
| 35 | 50.5 |
| 36 | 49.6 |
| 37 | 48.6 |
| Age | Life Expectancy |
|---|---|
| 38 | 47.7 |
| 39 | 46.7 |
| 40 | 45.7 |
| 41 | 44.8 |
| 42 | 43.8 |
| 43 | 42.9 |
| 44 | 41.9 |
| 45 | 41.0 |
| 46 | 40.0 |
| 47 | 39.0 |
| 48 | 38.1 |
| 49 | 37.1 |
| 50 | 36.2 |
| 51 | 35.3 |
| 52 | 34.3 |
| 53 | 33.4 |
| 54 | 32.5 |
| 55 | 31.6 |
| 56 | 30.6 |
| 57 | 29.8 |
| 58 | 28.9 |
| 59 | 28.0 |
| 60 | 27.1 |
| 61 | 26.2 |
| 62 | 25.4 |
| 63 | 24.5 |
| 64 | 23.7 |
| 65 | 22.9 |
| 66 | 22.0 |
| 67 | 21.2 |
| 68 | 20.4 |
| 69 | 19.6 |
| 70 | 18.8 |
| 71 | 18.0 |
| 72 | 17.2 |
| 73 | 16.4 |
| 74 | 15.6 |
| 75 | 14.8 |
| Age | Life Expectancy |
|---|---|
| 76 | 14.1 |
| 77 | 13.3 |
| 78 | 12.6 |
| 79 | 11.9 |
| 80 | 11.2 |
| 81 | 10.5 |
| 82 | 9.9 |
| 83 | 9.3 |
| 84 | 8.7 |
| 85 | 8.1 |
| 86 | 7.6 |
| 87 | 7.1 |
| 88 | 6.6 |
| 89 | 6.1 |
| 90 | 5.7 |
| 91 | 5.3 |
| 92 | 4.9 |
| 93 | 4.6 |
| 94 | 4.3 |
| 95 | 4.0 |
| 96 | 3.7 |
| 97 | 3.4 |
| 98 | 3.2 |
| 99 | 3.0 |
| 100 | 2.8 |
| 101 | 2.6 |
| 102 | 2.5 |
| 103 | 2.3 |
| 104 | 2.2 |
| 105 to 107 | 2.1 |
| 108 to 112 | 2.0 |
| 113 to 114 | 1.9 |
| 115 to 116 | 1.8 |
| 117 | 1.6 |
| 118 | 1.4 |
| 119 | 1.1 |
| 120 and over | 1.0 |
- 16 This table is effective for 2022 and later years. For the table used to compute RMDs for prior years, see Table III in IRS Publication 590-B.
Contact your financial professional directly for any additional information.
- * The information provided is not written or intended as specific tax or legal advice. MassMutual, its subsidiaries, employees, and representatives are not authorized to give tax or legal advice. Individuals are encouraged to seek advice from their own tax or legal counsel. Individuals involved in the estate planning process should work with an estate planning team, including their own personal legal or tax counsel.